Recent trends in challenges and opportunities of Transdermal drug delivery system

Drug delivery system relates to the production of a drug, its delivery medium, and the way of administration. Drug delivery systems are even used for administering nitroglycerin. Transdermal drug delivery system is the system in which the delivery of the active ingredients of the drug occurs by the means of skin. Various types of transdermal patches are used. There are various methods to enhance the transdermal drug delivery system. But using microfabricated microneedles drugs are delivered very effectively to skin patch. There has been great progress in the Transdermal drug delivery system for the delivery of different forms and our aim is to collect the information about what progressed have done in Transdermal drug delivery system and developments in Transdermal drug delivery systems in theoretical form. Also, to collect the information about the advantages and application of the Transdermal drug delivery systems. *Corresponding author, Mailing address: P. M. Patil E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Article History:-----------------------Date of Submission: 21-09-2011 Date of Acceptance: 18-01-2012 Conflict of Interest: NIL Source of Support: NONE R e v i e w P a p e r C o v e r e d i n I n d e x C o p e r n i c u s w i t h I C V a l u e 4 .6 8 f o r 2 0 1 0 Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., Jan-March 2012, 4 (1): 39-50 Covered in Scopus & Embase, Elsevier 39 skin-the largest and most accessible organ of human bodythrough its layers, to the circulatory system. TDDS offers many advantages over conventional injection and oral methods. It reduces the load that the oral route commonly places on the digestive tract and liver. It enhances patient compliance and minimizes harmful side effects of a drug caused from temporary overdose. Another advantage is convenience, especially notable in patches that require only once weekly application. Such a simple dosing regimen can aid in patient adherence to drug therapy. Designing and development of transdermal patches can be described as state of the art. Transdermal Drug Delivery System is the system in which the delivery of the active ingredients of the drug occurs by the means of skin. Skin is an effective medium from which absorption of the drug takes place and enters the circulatory system. Various types of transdermal patches are used to incorporate the active ingredients into the circulatory system via skin. The patches have been proved effective because of its large advantages over other controlled drug delivery systems. The occurrence of systemic side-effects with some of these formulations is indicative of absorption through the skin. A number of drugs have been applied to the skin for systemic treatment. In a broad sense, the term transdermal delivery system includes all topically administered drug formulations intended to deliver the active ingredient into the general circulation. Transdermal therapeutic systems have been designed to provide controlled continuous delivery of drugs via the skin to the systemic circulation. Moreover, it over comes various side effects like painful delivery of the drugs and the first pass metabolism of the drug occurred by other means of drug delivery systems. So, this Transdermal Drug Delivery System has been a great field of interest in the recent time. Many drugs which can be injected directly into the blood stream via skin have been formulated. The main advantages of this system are that there is controlled release of the drug and the medication is painless. The drug is mainly delivered to the skin with the help of a transdermal patch which adheres to the skin. Transdermal patches are user-friendly, convenient, painless, and offer multi-day dosing, it is generally accepted that they offer improved patient compliance. Since the first transdermal patch was approved in 1981 to prevent the nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, the FDA has approved, throughout the past 22 years, more than 35 transdermal patch products, spanning 13 molecules. Transdermal drug delivery system was first introduced more than 20 years ago. A Transdermal Patch has several components like liners, adherents, drug reservoirs, drug release membrane etc. which play a vital role in the release of the drug via skin. Various types of patches along with various methods of applications have been discovered to delivery the drug from the transdermal patch. Because of its great advantages, it has become one of the highly research field among the various drug delivery system. BENEFITS OF SKIN AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM 7 1. The avoidance of first pass metabolism 2. Sustained and controlled delivery over a prolong